There are two likely possibilities: one, that a North Korean artillery unit is deploying to the front line in western Russia or Ukraine; two, that a Russian unit will operate the tracked, four-person howitzers,

After supplying troops, North Korea is now sending weapons to aid Vladimir Putin's war effort in Ukraine. Photographs of M1989 Koksan self-propelled artillery being transported by train have surfaced on Russian Telegram channels and were later analyzed and geolocated by Western OSINT experts.

Photos have begun to appear on Russian social media showing the transport of North Korean long-range artillery systems that have been delivered to Russia. According to Defence Blog, these include the M1989 "Koksan",

The United Nations says the Russian military is increasingly attacking Ukraine's civilian population and energy infrastructure with drones. Matthias Schmale, the UN's humanitarian coordinator in Ukraine,

Ukraine has long been affected by systematic drone and missile attacks on civilian targets from Russia. Russia has been heavily targeting Ukraine's energy and heating infrastructure, which could have serious consequences for people as winter approaches.